Below you find a non-exhaustive list of relevant topics for your reference.

Algorithms

    Approximate Inference
    Bayesian Methods
    Belief Propagation
    Exact Inference
    Kernel Methods
    Missing Data Handling
    Monte Carlo Methods
    Optimization - Combinatorial
    Optimization - Convex
    Optimization - Discrete
    Optimization - Non-Convex
    Probabilistic Programming
    Randomized Algorithms
    Spectral Methods
    Variational Methods

Applications

    Cognitive Science
    Computational Biology
    Computer Vision
    Crowdsourcing
    Earth System Science
    Education
    Forensic Science
    Healthcare
    Natural Language Processing
    Neuroscience
    Planning and Control
    Privacy and Security
    Robotics
    Social Good
    Sustainability and Climate Science
    Text and Web Data

Learning

    Active Learning
    Adversarial Learning
    Causal Learning
    Classification
    Clustering
    Compressed Sensing and Dictionary Learning
    Deep Learning
    Density Estimation
    Dimensionality Reduction
    Ensemble Learning
    Feature Selection
    Hashing and Encoding
    Multitask and Transfer Learning
    Online and Anytime Learning
    Policy Optimization and Policy Learning
    Ranking
    Recommender Systems
    Reinforcement Learning
    Relational Learning
    Representation Learning
    Semi-Supervised Learning
    Structure Learning
    Structured Prediction
    Unsupervised Learning

Models

    Bandits
    (Dynamic) Bayesian Networks
    Generative Models
    Graphical Models - Directed
    Graphical Models - Undirected
    Graphical Models - Mixed
    Markov Decision Processes
    Models for Relational Data
    Neural Networks
    Probabilistic Circuits
    Regression Models
    Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Models
    Temporal and Sequential Models
    Topic Models and Latent Variable Models

Principles

    Explainability
    Causality
    Computational and Statistical Trade-Offs
    Fairness
    Privacy
    Reliability
    Robustness
    (Structured) Sparsity

Representation

    Constraints
    Dempster-Shafer
    (Description) Logics
    Imprecise Probabilities
    Influence Diagrams
    Knowledge Representation Languages

Theory

    Computational Complexity
    Control Theory
    Decision theory
    Game theory
    Information Theory
    Learning Theory
    Probability Theory
    Statistical Theory